“The Hammer and the Screw” by Robert Murphy
We have all probably heard the proverb “When all you have is a hammer, everything looks like a nail.” I find this proverb extremely applicable to the study of the Bible. We all come to the text with a set of presuppositions, needs, and expectations. When you are sad, you come looking for encouragement. When you are confused, you search for wisdom. You may come to certain books of the Bible thinking the meaning is impenetrable, other books that the meaning is readily apparent. All these predispositions shape our interpretation of the text for better or worse. To some extent this is inescapable and a natural part of the reading process. We can only construct meaning with the tools we have, the tools being methods of interpretation. However, depending upon the text, we may have a deficient set of tools or not know how to use the tools we have. Thus, we try to make do with what we have. Just like the proverb of the hammer above, we come to the text with inappropriate expectations and methods that prevent us from constructing the meaning from the words the author put on the page. If we come to Revelation expecting to find symbols and figures of political figures in our time, you will probably find a way to see it. If we come to the Psalms or Philippians as a self-help guidebook, we will probably find something. However, by using a hammer where we should have used a screwdriver, we miss out on much of what the Scriptures have to offer us.
Our goal should be to engage the Bible on its own terms. This requires a great deal of humility and hard work, but it is entirely within our capability. I believe the reason why people do not read the Old Testament is because nobody taught them how. We read Samuel and Kings for historical facts and superficial theological points. We do not meditate deeply on the narratives and how it plays into the universal story. We skip Leviticus because we do not sacrifice at a tabernacle anymore and think that is almost entirely inapplicable to us today. The real problem is not that the scriptures are inapplicable, but rather that we have not learned how to read them. We must always be willing to adapt our reading of the Bible and acquire more tools for interpretation. Some tools will yield more results than others, but the wealth that you will acquire from slowly mining the scriptures with these tools will more than compensate for the time you spend learning. If you would like some tools, I offer them for free to anyone willing to listen.